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启蒙运动盛行于17-18世纪的欧洲,影响遍布方方面面。英国作为启蒙运动的重要基地,出现了以培根、霍布斯、洛克等为代表的一大批著名启蒙思想家。他们十分关注真实观和道德观,就其表达了自己的见解。18世纪英国小说家继承了启蒙思想家的思想,在新兴的小说文体中广为实践。在他们提出的小说理论中可以发现启蒙思想的浓烈影响,可以突出体现的一个侧面就是对小说的真实性的探讨。本文以此为切入点,以笛福、理查逊和菲尔丁的小说理论为例,探讨启蒙运动与18世纪英国小说理论的联系。
Enlightenment prevailed in the 17-18 century in Europe, affecting all aspects. As an important base of the Enlightenment, Britain has a large number of famous enlightenment thinkers represented by Bacon, Hobbes and Locke. They are very concerned about the real concept of morality, to express their own views. Eighteenth Century British novelists inherited the thinking of the Enlightenment thinkers, widely practiced in the emerging novel style. In their novel theory can be found in the strong influence of enlightenment, one aspect that can be highlighted is the discussion of the authenticity of the novel. This article takes this as the starting point, taking the defensive theories of Defoe, Richardson and Fielding as examples to discuss the relationship between the Enlightenment and the theory of British novels in the 18th century.