本文介绍的是用正向模型来估算震源特征及海底特性的方法,以及与实际资料的某些对比。所需要的信息是震源接收排列的几何关系、震源枪的大小及水的深度。假定所记录的脉冲是由一系列窄频带尖峰脉冲组成,则海底原始反射及多次反射的脉冲当作距离函数进行模拟。在这种情况下,每个波的传播时间和幅度可按震源-接收器几何关系中,震源枪的大小及水深中给出。还须考虑:海底的反射系数取决于入射角,而海面可假想成一种理想的镜面。在此过程中,海底密度及速度是未知量,它们可进行反复迭代。我们是利用来自北海的实际资料作为实例来证明,脉冲形态和其沿电缆方向的变化是可以非常合理地进行预测。在海洋地震勘探中,震源特征的估算是一个近年一直很为重视的问题。在本文中, This article presents a method of estimating hypocenters and seafloor characteristics using a forward model, as well as some comparisons with actual data. The required information is the geometry of the source reception arrangement, the size of the source gun, and the depth of the water. Assuming that the recorded pulse consists of a series of narrow band spikes, the original and multiple reflected pulses of the seabed are modeled as a function of distance. In this case, the propagation time and magnitude of each wave can be given in the source-receiver geometry, the focal gun size, and the depth of water. Consideration must also be given to the fact that the reflection coefficient of the seabed depends on the angle of incidence, and the sea can be assumed to be an ideal mirror. During this process, the density and speed of the seafloor are unknowns, and they can be iterated iteratively. We use the actual data from the North Sea as an example to prove that the pulse shape and its change along the cable direction can be predicted very reasonably. In marine seismic exploration, the estimation of source features is a problem that has been attaching great importance in recent years. in the text,