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双子型表面活性剂是两个结构相同或不同的表面活性剂分子通过联接基团连接而成分子,其中至少含有两个疏水链和两个亲水基团(离子或极性基团)[1],双子表面活性剂的特殊结构使得其性质也比较特殊,如低的CMC、较好的润湿性、更好的分散力、溶解性、泡沫力和相行为等优良的性能[2],使得其广泛应用于杀菌[3]、环保、造纸、选矿、采油等[4]方面。而反应型表面活性剂是指带有反应基团的表面活性剂[5]。虽然目前对双子表面活性剂的研究已经很多,但是对于反应型的双子表面活性剂研究的还较少。本文以溴代烷、二乙醇胺、1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,通过两步反应合成了一系列不同碳链长度的双子表面活性剂,对含羟基阳离子型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能进行了研究,对不同碳链长度双子表面活性剂的表面张力和泡沫性能进行了表征。
Gemini surfactants are two molecules of surfactant molecules that are the same or different in structure and are linked by a linking group that contains at least two hydrophobic chains and two hydrophilic groups (ionic or polar groups) [1 ], The special structure of gemini surfactant makes its nature is also quite special, such as low CMC, better wettability, better dispersion, solubility, foam strength and phase behavior and other excellent performance [2], Making it widely used in sterilization [3], environmental protection, paper making, mineral processing, oil recovery, etc. [4]. Reactive surfactants refer to surfactants with reactive groups [5]. Although there have been many studies on gemini surfactants, there are few studies on reactive gemini surfactants. In this paper, a series of gemini surfactants with different carbon chain lengths were synthesized by two steps reaction of bromoalkane, diethanolamine and 1,2-dibromoethane. Performance were studied and the surface tension and foam properties of gemini surfactants with different carbon chain lengths were characterized.