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美国是世界上最早开始矿山生态重建的国家之一,其多年的探索和实践形成了相对完善的法律制度体系、健全的矿山环境管理制度。矿山复垦保证金制度是矿山环境制度体系的核心,而明确的执行机构、科学的保证金收缴标准、完善的监管体系和公众的环境意识等是保证金制度能够有效实施的保障。美国在制定保证金征缴标准、采取多样化的保证金缴纳方式、分阶段及时返还保证金、重视矿区现场检查等方面的经验,具有借鉴意义。本文对两国面临的共同问题和挑战也进行了探讨。
As one of the earliest countries in the world to start ecological reconstruction of mines, the United States has formed a relatively perfect legal system and a sound management system for its environment through many years of exploration and practice. Mine deposit system is the core of the system of mine environment system, and a clear enforcement agencies, the collection of scientific margin standards, a sound regulatory system and public awareness of the environment is the guarantee system can be implemented effectively. The United States has reference significance in drawing up the standard for collecting the margin, adopting various ways of deposit payment, returning the deposit in time and paying more attention to on-site inspection in the mining area. This article also explores the common problems and challenges that the two countries face.