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苹果树的培育由播种开始,种子可在秋天或春天雪刚溶化后直接进行露地播种。在秋天播种时,播种后应对播种行撒布一层厚2—3厘米的粗砂,以防种子被鼠类吃掉。假若是在春天播种的话,种子必须事先经过层積处理,否则将有不出苗的危险。苹果种子的层积处理是用经过充分冲洗的粗粒河砂或粉碎的泥炭来进行的(1份种子3份河砂或泥炭)。在整个层积时期中,必须保持适当的湿度,因为已经膨胀的种子那怕是仅仅数天遭受到干燥的话,就会使它们的发芽率大大地降低。但是,湿度也不应过高,不然的话,空气将不易流向种子,从而促使它们腐烂,结果发芽率同样也会降低。层积的期限因种子来源而异:野生森林苹果种子——90—105天,大多数的苹果栽培品种的种子——60—90天。层积的温度最好是在3—7°之间。假若种子萌芽过早的话,必须使种子遭受短时间的寒冷(将
Cultivation of apple trees begins with sowing, and the seeds can be sown directly in the open in the fall or spring when the snow melts. When sowing in the autumn, sowing should be carried out after sowing a layer of 2-3 cm thick sand to prevent the seeds eaten by rats. If it is sown in spring, the seeds must be stratified in advance, otherwise there will be no danger of emergence. Stratification of apple seeds is carried out using well-rinsed coarse gravel or ground peat (1 part of seed of 3 logs of river sand or peat). During the entire lamination period, proper humidity must be maintained because the already expanded seeds, if only for a few days, experience a significant reduction in their rate of germination. However, the humidity should not be too high, otherwise the air will not easily flow to the seeds, thereby promoting their decay, the result will also reduce the rate of germination. The duration of stratification varies according to the source of the seed: wild forest apple seeds - 90-105 days, most of the seeds of apple cultivars - 60-90 days. The temperature of the lamination is preferably between 3 and 7 °. If the seeds sprout too early, the seeds must be subjected to a short period of cold (will