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传统的工程爆破主要采用炸药和雷管,爆炸时产生极大的振动,乱石横飞,炮烟弥漫,不宜在人烟稠密地区、工程改建扩建和城市建设等工程中采用。工业企业今后的改建、扩建任务是大的,需要不断地用现代技术的生产工艺装备老企业,使之逐步更新换代。因此必然要爆破一些旧基础、旧建筑以适应新工艺的要求,采用近人爆破和微差爆破就可以有效地控制爆破的各种有害效应,既不影响邻近工厂的正常生产,又不损坏建筑物,这是爆破技术上的一大突破。要控制爆破震害,在近人爆破中关键在于选择合适的高能燃烧剂,适当控制药量,规定正确的炮眼布置数量和边距。在微差爆破中主要是确定合理的装药结构,采取最佳的微差间隔时间和起爆顺序。这样就能够把爆破振动控制在任意给定的水平之下,这一点在爆破实践中已发挥了显著作用和特殊功能。我们要充分利用控制爆破震害的这项科研成果,尽可能为施工提供技术上和经济上的巨大潜力,并在实践中不断积累经验,以扩大其应用范围。
The traditional engineering blasting mainly uses explosives and detonators. During the explosion, great vibrations are generated, rocks and rocks are scattered, and smoke is diffuse. It is not suitable to be used in densely populated areas, engineering reconstruction and expansion, and urban construction. The task of reconstruction and expansion of industrial enterprises in the future is large, and it is necessary to constantly equip old companies with the production technology of modern technologies and gradually upgrade them. Therefore, certain old foundations and old buildings must be blasted to meet the requirements of the new process. Near blasting and millisecond blasting can be used to effectively control the harmful effects of blasting, and neither affect the normal production of neighboring factories nor damage the building. This is a major breakthrough in blasting technology. To control blasting damage, the key to blasting in close proximity is to choose a suitable high-energy combustion agent, properly control the dose, and specify the correct number and distance of blasthole arrangements. In the millisecond blasting, it is mainly to determine the reasonable charge structure, and adopt the best differential time and initiation sequence. In this way, the blasting vibration can be controlled below any given level, which has played a significant role and special functions in the blasting practice. We must make full use of this scientific research achievement in controlling blasting damage and provide as much technical and economic potential as possible for construction. We will continue to accumulate experience in practice so as to expand our application scope.