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[目的]探明四川盆地直播夏玉米适宜种植密度和施氮量,为夏玉米高产栽培提供技术储备和科学依据。[方法]在大田条件下采用二因素裂区设计,研究密度和施氮量对夏玉米的茎秆基部节间农艺性状、节间抗倒力学性状、玉米茎折率和产量的影响。[结果]密度显著影响玉米茎杆抗倒性能和产量。随着密度增加,茎秆基部第3节和第4节节间伸长变细,单位茎长干物质重变小,穿刺强度和抗折力降低,种植密度由6.0万株/hm2增加到7.5万株/hm2,全生育时期茎折率增加17.17%,产量下降17.58%。密度和施氮量互作显著影响玉米全生育时期茎折率和产量,当密度为6.0万株/hm2、施氮量为375kg/hm2能够有效控制全生育时期茎折率,且玉米产量达到最高。[结论]本试验条件下,四川盆地夏玉米适宜种密度为6.0万株/hm2,适宜施氮量为375kg/hm2。
[Objective] The study aimed to find out suitable planting density and nitrogen application rate of summer maize in Sichuan Basin, and provide technical reserve and scientific basis for high-yielding summer maize. [Method] Under the field condition, the two factor split design was adopted to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the agronomic traits, internodes lodging resistance, stem yield and yield of summer maize. [Result] Density significantly affected the lodging resistance and yield of corn stalks. With the increase of density, the third and fourth internodes of stem base elongated and thinned, the weight of long stems per unit weight became smaller, the puncture strength and anti-stress ability decreased, and the planting density increased from 60,000 / hm2 to 7.5 Ten thousand plants / hm2, the stem growth rate during the whole growth period increased by 17.17% and the yield decreased by 17.58%. When the density was 60,000 plants / hm2 and the nitrogen application rate was 375kg / hm2, the stem rate and yield during the whole growth period could be effectively controlled by the interaction of density and nitrogen application rate, and the corn yield reached the highest . [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the suitable summer maize density in Sichuan Basin was 60 000 plants / hm2, and the suitable nitrogen application rate was 375 kg / hm2.