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人类在长期的生活实践中,对危害人类健康的传染病的认识逐渐加深。人们经常看到,患过某些传染病如麻疹、伤寒的人,当再有这些传染病流行时,一般就不再感染了。这种病后免疫的道理,就是因为人体受到某种病原微生物(细菌、病毒等)或它们的毒性产物刺激后(医学上称为受抗原刺激),能针对这种病原微生物及其毒性产物产生一种专门的抵抗能力。即特异性免疫力。根据这种特异性免疫的原理,人们采用了人工方法把一些病原微生物杀死或减弱毒力后制成菌苗、疫苗,或把细菌产生的毒素去除毒性后制
In the long-term practice of life, human beings have gradually deepened their understanding of infectious diseases that endanger human health. It is often observed that those who have had some infectious diseases such as measles and typhoid fever will not be infected any more when these epidemics emerge. The reason for this post-immunization is that the human body is able to respond to such pathogenic microorganisms and their toxic products after being stimulated by certain pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.) or their toxic products (medically known as antigen-stimulated) A special resistance. That is, specific immunity. According to this principle of specific immunity, artificial methods have been used to kill or reduce the virulence of some pathogenic microorganisms to make bacterins, vaccines, or remove toxins from bacteria