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北欧海是连接北冰洋和大西洋的纽带,在全球气候系统中具有特殊重要地位。北欧海通过格陵兰—苏格兰海脊溢流的高密度水,是北大西洋深层水的重要来源,在全球大洋输送带中具有关键性作用。通过评述国内外关于现代北欧海溢流的研究成果,介绍了北欧海3个主要溢流通道即法罗海台水道(FBC)、冰岛—法罗群岛海脊(IFR)、丹麦海峡(DS)上溢流水体性质、流量的基本特征和多尺度变化特征,剖析了各通道上溢流水体的来源及影响溢流变化的可能因素和物理过程,并着重阐述了法罗群岛—设德兰岛水道上溢流的强混合特征。基于这些认识,分析了北欧海总溢流的变化特征及各通道溢流之间的关系,给出北欧海溢流的整体结构。介绍了正压和斜压效应在溢流过程发挥的作用,将溢流各种尺度的变化与大气过程建立了联系。由于溢流过程非常复杂,与北欧海内部的对流和混合过程密切相关,很多问题尚不清楚,需要更多的观测与研究。
The Nordic Sea, a link between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, is of particular importance in the global climate system. The high density water of the Nordic Sea, overflowing the Greenland-Scottish ridges, is an important source of deep water in the North Atlantic Ocean and plays a key role in global oceanic conveyor belts. By reviewing the research results of the modern Nordic sea overflows at home and abroad, the paper introduces three major flooding channels of the Nordic Sea, namely the Faroesethai Channel (FBC), the Iceland-Faroe Islands Ridge (IFR), the Danish Strait (DS) The nature of overflow flow, the basic characteristics of flow rate and the characteristics of multi-scale changes. The sources of overflow water flow in each channel and the possible factors and physical processes that affect the overflow are analyzed. The Faroe Islands - Strong Mixture Characteristics of Overflow in Waterway. Based on these understandings, the characteristics of the total discharge over the Nordic Sea and the relationship between the overflows of each channel are analyzed, and the overall structure of the Nordic sea overflow is given. The effects of positive pressure and baroclinic pressure on the process of overflow are introduced. The changes of various scales of overflow and atmospheric process are established. Due to the complexity of the overflow process and the close correlation with convection and mixing processes within the Northern European Sea, many of the issues are not clear and require more observations and research.