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卵巢癌作为妇科恶性肿瘤病死率最高的疾病，是当今社会的一大公共卫生问题。手术辅助化疗的治疗方法虽然在临床上取得了一定的成就，但对于晚期和化疗耐药患者的疗效欠佳。近年来，肿瘤的靶向基因治疗逐渐成为广大学者的关注热点。微 RNA（miRNA）是一类能够调控基因表达的小分子RNA，在肿瘤细胞自噬过程中发挥着重要作用。一些 miRNA 可以通过调控卵巢癌细胞的保护性自噬，诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡、提高卵巢癌对化疗的敏感性等。 miRNA 介导的肿瘤细胞自噬有望成为卵巢癌基因治疗的新手段。“,”Ovarian cancer is the malignant gynecologic tumor of the highest mortality and it has been a major public health problem in today′s world.Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy have obtained certain achievement in treating ovarian cancer,but are still poorly effective for those with advanced cancer and chem-otherapy drug resistance.Recently,targeted gene therapy of cancer is discussed hotly by scholars.MiRNA is a kind of small RNA which can inhibit gene expression,and plays an important role in regulating autophagy in tumour.Some miRNAs may induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and improve the sensitivity to chemother-apy via modulating the protective autophagy.The role of miRNA in the regulation of cell autophagy is expec-ted to provide a new approach for ovarian cancer gene therapy.