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目的了解居民的主要死亡原因以及近五年来居民主要死因的变化趋势,有针对性的制定区域居民健康教育与健康促进的重点。方法采用Excel和SPSS 16.0软件进行资料整理和数据分析。结果 2011年南开区居民粗死亡率为703.38/10万,标化死亡率为291.47/10万。男性高于女性。除0~岁年龄组外,死亡率随年龄的增加而升高。前五位死因依次是心脏病,恶性肿瘤,脑血管病,呼吸系统疾病,损伤与中毒,标化后男性与女性居民的前五位死因略有不同。2007-2011年居民的前三位死因同为心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病,心脏病居民总死亡率较平稳,2010年略有升高;恶性肿瘤死亡率2008年降幅较大,之后趋于平稳,主要为肺癌、肝癌和胃癌,其中肺癌占全部恶性肿瘤的39.30%,与2010年比较女性宫颈癌、乳腺癌升幅达70%和25%以上;脑血管病死亡率呈下降趋势,而呼吸系统疾病死亡率则呈上升趋势;其他疾病死亡率无明显波动。结论慢性疾病是南开区居民主要的死亡原因,应加强健康教育与行为干预工作,使居民养成健康的生活方式,同时建立预防、医疗、保健、康复、健康教育和计划生育指导等“六位一体”的预防体系,做好慢性病三级预防管理工作,以降低慢性病的发病率和死亡率。
Objective To understand the main causes of death of residents and the trend of residents’ major causes of death in recent five years, and to focus on the health education and health promotion of residents in the region. Methods Using Excel and SPSS 16.0 software for data collation and data analysis. Results In 2011, the crude death rate of residents in Nankai District was 703.38 / 100,000 and the standardized death rate was 291.47 / 100,000. Men are higher than women. In addition to the 0 ~ age group, the mortality rate increased with age. The top five causes of death were heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning in turn. The top five causes of death were slightly different between male and female residents after standardization. The death toll of the top three residents in 2007-2011 was the same as that of heart disease, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease and heart disease. The overall mortality rate of residents was slightly increased in 2010 and slightly increased in 2010. The death rate of malignant tumor decreased greatly in 2008, In the stable, mainly lung cancer, liver cancer and gastric cancer, of which lung cancer accounted for 39.30% of all malignant tumors, compared with 2010 women’s cervical cancer, breast cancer increased by 70% and 25%; cerebrovascular mortality showed a downward trend, and Mortality in respiratory diseases is on the rise; there is no significant change in mortality from other diseases. Conclusion Chronic diseases are the main cause of death in residents in Nankai District. Health education and behavioral intervention should be strengthened so that residents can develop healthy life style while establishing guidance on prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education and family planning. Bit one "prevention system, good tertiary prevention and management of chronic diseases, to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and mortality.