AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in decompensated liver disease.METHODS:Medline,EMBASE,PubMed,Science Direct,and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies.Retrospective case-control studies were included along with randomized clinical trials.Metaanalysis was performed in line with recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration software review manager.Heterogeneity was assessed using a randomeffects model.RESULTS:Four randomized controlled trials and four retrospective studies were included.Cell transplantation increased serum albumin level by 1.96 g/L(95%CI:0.74-3.17;P = 0.002],2.55 g/L(95%CI:0.32-4.79;P= 0.03),and 3.65 g/L(95%CI:0.76-6.54;P = 0.01)after 1,3,and 6 mo,respectively.Patients who had undergone cell transplantation also had a lower level of total bilirubin[mean difference(MD):-1.37 mg/dL;95%CI:-2.68-(-0.06);P = 0.04]after 6 mo.This decreased after 1 year when compared to standard treatment(MD:-1.26;95%CI:-2.48-(-0.03);P =0.04].A temporary decrease in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were significant in the cell transplantation group.However,after 6 mo treatment,patients who had undergone cell transplantation had a slightly longer prothrombin time(MD:5.66 s,95%CI:0.04-11.28;P = 0.05).Changes in the model for endstage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Autologous bone marrow transplantation showed some benefits in patients with decompensated liver disease.However,further studies are still needed to verify its role in clinical treatment for end-stage liver disease. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in decompensated liver disease. METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Retrospective case-control studies were included along with randomized clinical trials. Metanalysis was performed in line with recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration software review manager. Heterogeneity was assessed using a randomeffects model. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials and four retrospective studies were included. Cell transplantation increased serum albumin level by 1.96 g / L ( 95% CI: 0.74-3.17; P = 0.002], 2.55 g / L (95% CI: 0.32-4.79; P = 0.03), and 3.65 g / L 1,3, and 6 mo, respectively. Patients who had undergone cell transplantation also had a lower level of total bilirubin [mean difference (MD): -1.37 mg / dL; 95% CI: -2.68 - = 0.04] after 6 mo.This decreased after 1 year when compared to standard treatment (MD: -1.26; 95% CI: -2.48 - (- 0.03); P = 0.04]. A temporary decrease in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were significant in the cell transplantation group. After, after 6 mo treatment, patients who had undergone cell transplantation had a slightly longer prothrombin time ( MD: 5.66 s, 95% CI: 0.04-11.28; P = 0.05) .Changes in the model for endstage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score were not significant significant.CONCLUSION: Autologous bone marrow transplantation showed some benefits in patients with decompensated further studies are still needed to verify its role in clinical treatment for end-stage liver disease.