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为研究不同沉积层厚度的活断层发震对地表变形和破裂的影响并对活断层活动进行探讨,结合活断层破裂基本原理,设计了活断层活动引发地表破裂的相似模型试验,模拟断层活动引起地表破裂过程,研究活断层沉积层厚度对地表破裂分布的影响.实验结果表明,断层错动时,地表的破裂以断层线为中心向两侧扩展形成一条破裂带,且带内以剪张破裂为主;随着沉积层厚度的增加,破裂带变宽,同时局部破裂带宽度增加,逐渐形成沿某条主裂缝的破裂带;沉积层厚度对分形维数影响不大,不同沉积层厚度地表破裂的分形维数均在0.95~1.05之间波动;地表裂缝分布间距、地表裂缝同破裂带中心线间斜交角度均随沉积层厚度的增加而增大.
In order to study the influence of earthquakes with different thickness of sediment on deformation and rupture of the earth’s surface and to study the activity of the earthquakes, a similar model test of surface rupture triggered by the activity of the active fault is designed by combining the basic principle of active fault rupture to simulate the fault activity Surface rupture process and study the influence of the thickness of the active fault layer on the surface rupture distribution.The experimental results show that the rupture of the surface ruptures on both sides of the rupture zone with the fault line as the center to form a rupture zone and the shear failure ; With the increase of sedimentary layer thickness, the rupture zone broadens and the local rupture zone width increases gradually and forms a rupture zone along a main fracture; the sedimentary layer thickness has little effect on the fractal dimension, The fracture fractal dimension fluctuated between 0.95 and 1.05. The distribution of surface cracks and the skew angle between the surface cracks and the centerline of the rupture zone all increased with the increase of sedimentary layer thickness.