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宪法第55条兵役条款规定了宪法中唯一一个“光荣义务”:依法服兵役和参加民兵组织。该条文的规范依据在于宪法国体条款和武装力量任务条款。该条文的规范含义在于兵役在本质上是一种普遍的义务,但也体现了军人的特殊权利和特殊义务。该条文的宪法审查意味着,因“光荣义务”所造成的权利克减,应当通过法律保留原则、目的正当性原则和比例原则的审查。
Article 55 of the Constitution stipulates the sole military constitutional duty of honor: military service according to law and participation in militias. The article’s normative basis lies in the constitutional state articles and the armed forces mandate clause. The normative meaning of the provision is that military service is essentially a universal obligation, but it also embodies the special rights and special obligations of military personnel. The constitutional review of this provision means that the derogation of the rights caused by the “glorious obligation” should be examined through the principle of legal reservation, the principle of justification of purpose and the principle of proportionality.