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自然保护区建设是保护生态系统服务的重要手段,在防治土壤侵蚀和维持生态安全方面具有不可替代的作用。以1988年、1998年和2008年3期遥感影像为基础,分析海南保护区对土壤保持功能的长期保护效果,探讨引起保护区土壤保持功能变化的影响因素。结果表明:(1)海南岛保护区内部平均单位面积土壤保持量是1951.59 t hm-2a-1,分别是区外0—5、5—10km和海南岛全省平均水平的2.4、3.2、2.9倍,保护区在土壤保持功能的保育方面发挥着重要作用;(2)在时间尺度上,1988—2008年保护区内外土壤保持功能呈现不同程度的退化趋势,其中保护区外围退化程度显著高于保护区内部(P<0.05),后10年的退化程度显著高于前10年(P<0.05);(3)从驱动因素上看,1988—2008年经济发展、人口增加和耕地扩张是影响保护区土壤保持功能退化的主要因素,其中在前10年,土壤保持功能与单位面积地区生产总值、单位面积第一产业生产总值、人口密度和耕地比例呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而在后10年,土壤保持功能与单位面积地区生产总值、人口密度和耕地比例呈显著负相关(P<0.05),由此,应权衡土壤保持功能保护与人为活动的关系,实现生态环境保护与社会经济的协调发展。
The construction of nature reserves is an important means of protecting ecosystem services and plays an irreplaceable role in preventing soil erosion and maintaining ecological security. Based on the remote sensing images of 1988, 1998 and 2008, the long-term conservation effects of Hainan’s reserve on soil conservation were analyzed, and the influencing factors on the changes of soil conservation function in the reserve were discussed. The results showed that: (1) The average soil conservation per unit area in the protected area of Hainan Island was 1951.59 t hm-2a-1, which were respectively 0-5, 5-10km outside the area and 2.4, 3.2, 2.9 (2) On the time scale, the soil conservation functions both inside and outside the protected area showed a trend of degeneration in different degrees from 1988 to 2008, in which the degradation degree of the periphery of the protected area was significantly higher than that of the protected area (P <0.05), and the degree of degradation in the last 10 years was significantly higher than that in the previous 10 years (P <0.05). (3) From the perspective of driving forces, economic development, population growth and cultivated land expansion In the first 10 years, the soil conservation function was significantly negatively correlated with the GDP per unit area, the GDP per unit area, the population density and the proportion of cultivated land (P <0.05) , While in the later 10 years, the soil conservation function was significantly negatively correlated with the GDP per unit area, population density and the proportion of arable land (P <0.05). Therefore, the relationship between soil conservation function and human activities should be weighed in order to achieve ecological Environmental Protection and Social Economy Coordinated development.