安全有效的基因载体对于基因治疗有着重要的应用价值.相对于病毒性基因载体,非病毒基因载体具有低免疫原性、易于大规模生产和成本较低的特性,因而受到越来越多的关注,但是非病毒基因载体在转染效率和选择性方面有一定的限制性.综述了基于树枝状聚合物构建的基因载体的研究进展,包括:(i)树枝状及其衍生材料;(ii)与超分子母体材料,如环糊精、葫芦脲结合的的树枝状聚合物基因载体;(iii)与无机材料结合的树枝状聚合物载体,如金纳米粒子、氧化铁纳米粒子以及石墨烯等结合的树枝状聚合物构建的基因载体;(iv)功能响应性的树枝状聚合物载体,如p H响应型、二硫键响应型、氧化还原型以及氟代化树枝状基因载体. The safe and effective genetic vector is of great value for gene therapy, which is receiving more and more attention as compared with the viral gene vector, which has the characteristics of low immunogenicity, easy mass production and low cost , But non-viral gene vectors have certain limitations in transfection efficiency and selectivity.Research progress of gene vectors based on dendrimers are summarized, including: (i) dendrimers and their derivatives; (ii) Dendrimeric gene vectors that bind to supramolecular parent materials, such as cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, and (iii) dendrimeric carriers such as gold nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, and graphene that bind to inorganic materials (Iv) functionally responsive dendrimeric carriers such as p H-responsive, disulfide-responsive, redox-type and fluorodegenerated dendrimer vectors.