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天女木兰是集芳香、药用、食用和观赏于一体的珍稀濒危植物,呈“间断式”分布。为探知天女木兰种下分类及其亲缘关系,利用扫描电镜对7个分布地天女木兰叶表皮微形态特征指标进行定性描述及主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:1表皮细胞分为浅波状和深波状两种类型;气孔器为椭圆形,分为凸起和凹陷两种;叶表结晶体有圆球形和长柱形;表皮毛密,分为单细胞毛、单列双细胞毛和单列多细胞毛3种类型;叶表皮气孔大小、密度和表皮毛长短及密度等均存在差异。2主成分分析选出3个主成分,方差累计贡献率达到87.394%。3聚类分析结果表明,7个分布地天女木兰种群分为两类。第Ⅰ类包括吉林石湖和河北祖山的天女木兰,表现为叶下表皮细胞呈浅波状,气孔密度小,气孔凸起,气孔长轴小于10μm,叶表结晶体呈圆球形;第Ⅱ类包括浙江清凉峰、安徽黄山、贵州雷公山、贵州麻江和广西猫儿山的天女木兰,表现为叶下表皮细胞多呈深波状,气孔密度大,气孔多凹陷,气孔长轴大于10μm,叶表结晶体呈长柱形。这表明各天女木兰间的亲缘关系远近与地理分布相关,叶表皮微形态特征可作为种下分类和探讨天女木兰种群间亲缘关系的重要特征。
Magnolia is a collection of aromatic, medicinal, edible and ornamental in one of the rare and endangered plants, was “intermittent ” distribution. In order to explore the classification of the genus Magnoliaceae and its genetic relationship, the microscopic morphological characteristics of Magnolia officinalis leaf in seven geographical distribution areas were characterized by SEM and principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that: 1 epidermal cells were divided into two types: shallow and deep wavy; stomatal apparatus was oval and divided into two types: bulge and depression; leaflet crystal was spherical and long column; Cell hair, single-cell double-cell hair and single-cell multi-cell hair three types; leaf epidermal stomata size, density and epidermal hair length and density are the differences. 2 Principal Component Analysis Select the three principal components, the cumulative contribution rate of 87.394%. The results of cluster analysis showed that there were two types of Magnoliae population in seven distributional sites. The first category includes Magnolia grandiflora from Shilin Lake in Jilin Province and Zusan Mountain in Hebei Province, which showed that the epidermal cells in the leaf were shallowly waved, stomatal density was low, stomata were convex, the long axis of stomata was less than 10μm, The results showed that most of the epidermal cells in deep leaves were deep-waved, stomatal density was more, stomatal cavity was more depressed, and the long axis of stomata was larger than 10μm. The leaf surface crystals Long columnar shape. This indicates that the genetic relationship between Magnolia grandiflora and its geographical distribution is closely related to each other. The micro-morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis can be used as the classification of the leaf and explore the important characteristics of the genetic relationship between Magnolia granosa population.