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目的了解嘉兴市农村饮水、环境卫生等腹泻病干预措施现状,为制定卫生政策提供科学依据。方法选择海盐县6个村为调查点,按照统一制定的调查表,一年四次入户调查农村居民改水、改厕情况、投入成本、人群卫生习惯、季腹泻病季发病情况等。结果现场调查742户居民改水率、改厕率和改水改厕率分别为66.71%、80.05%和53.50%;改水改厕和单改厕村腹泻病发病率均低于未改水改厕村(χ2=6.03和3.69,P均<0.05);桶装水饮用率19.14%,与腹泻病发病率呈负相关(r=-0.816,P<0.05)。结论控制腹泻病需加快推进改水改厕,加强卫生知识宣教。
Objective To understand the status quo of interventions on diarrheal diseases such as drinking water and sanitation in rural areas in Jiaxing and provide a scientific basis for formulating health policies. Methods Six villages in Haiyan County were selected as survey sites. According to the unified questionnaire, households were surveyed four times a year to investigate the situation of rural residents changing water, changing lavatories, input costs, population health habits and the incidence of seasonal diarrhea. Results On-site survey showed that 742 households had 66.71%, 56.05% and 53.50% respectively of water restroom rate, toilet restroom rate and toilet water restroom rate (Χ2 = 6.03 and 3.69, P <0.05). The bottled water drinking rate was 19.14%, which was negatively correlated with the incidence of diarrhea (r = -0.816, P <0.05). Conclusion To control diarrheal diseases, we need to speed up the reform of water and sanitation, and strengthen education on hygiene knowledge.