论文部分内容阅读
高产果园群落应是适应栽培环境的高效光合系统,其最佳单位是有高光合能力的单株,叶只是其光合器官。叶的实际光合速率与8量子光合作用的理论光合速率相差甚远,这个差距是由于光合作用及其产物在运转和利用过程中的不利因素造成的。主要不利因素有1.LAI不足,对PAR的吸收不完全;2.光合产物在呼吸上的消耗;3.光合反应中心不足;4.电子传递系统和CO_2的吸收及传递系统的工作能力不足;5.水分、矿质营养的不平衡或温度不适。从光合生产的角度来看,高产果树栽培应有下列特点:1.叶对较大的PAR范围表现适应,光能利用率高,对水分和无机营养亏缺有较强的耐力;2.电子传递和还原能力强,向羧化中心扩散CO_2的阻力小,羧化活性高;3.在经常改变的外界条件下,能按植株需求改变光合速率和光合产物成分;4.有较高的经济系数;5.根系有较强的吸收力。因之,高产栽培的任务应是尽量减弱和消除不利因素的影响,把光合作用和生长发育协调起来,使果树遗传潜力得到充分发挥,以便創造出适应具体条件的高光合生产率果园群落。
High-yielding orchard community should be an efficient photosynthetic system that adapts to the cultivation environment. The best unit is a plant with high photosynthetic capacity, and the leaves are only photosynthetic organs. The actual photosynthetic rate of leaves is far from the theoretical photosynthetic rate of 8-quantum photosynthesis, which is due to the adverse factors of photosynthesis and its products in operation and utilization. The main unfavorable factors are: 1.LAI deficiency, incomplete absorption of PAR; 2. The consumption of photosynthetic products in respiration; 3. The lack of photosynthetic reaction centers; 4. Insufficient capacity of electron transfer system and CO 2 absorption and delivery system; 5. Moisture, mineral nutrition imbalance or temperature discomfort. From the perspective of photosynthetic production, high-yielding fruit trees should have the following characteristics: 1. The leaves adapt to the larger PAR range, with high utilization of light energy and strong endurance to water and inorganic nutrient deficiencies; 2. Electrons Low resistance to diffusion of CO 2 to the carboxylation center and high carboxylation activity under the conditions of frequent changes in the external environment; 4) a higher economy Coefficient; 5 root system has a strong absorption. Therefore, the task of high-yield cultivation should be to minimize and eliminate the adverse effects of the photosynthesis and growth and development coordination, so that the genetic potential of fruit trees to give full play to in order to create specific conditions to meet the high photosynthetic productivity orchard community.