文章试图克服在阐析殖民主义时的话语分析与经济物质分析的分离。就“地方政策”这一现代殖民统治的核心问题,作者追踪研究了它在德国殖民地萨摩亚、青岛/胶州,以及西南非洲的形成。经济原因和跨国军事企图解释不了这些殖民地采取的极不相同的地方政策中的差异。地方政策的决定是三个因素的组合:殖民时期以前的种族和人种/族类话语、殖民官员为争夺最优越的人种/族类知识所有权展开的竞争,以及殖民者与想象中的被殖民者的认同程度和性质(比如“亲中热”)。经济利益决定了德国对西南非洲这类殖民地的兼并,但地缘政治利益是德国在第一次世界大战前的一些年间放弃对中国的殖民姿态而采用相对间接的“文化帝国主义”策略的决定因素。经济利益在殖民地方政策不断产生和形成过程中的作用总是受到欧洲对人种/族类描述的影响和制约。 The article tries to overcome the separation of discourse analysis and economic material analysis when analyzing colonialism. On the central issue of “local policy”, a modern colonial rule, the authors tracked its formation in the German colonies of Samoa, Qingdao / Jiaozhou, and Southwest Africa. Economic reasons and transnational military attempts can not explain the disparity in the very different local policies adopted by these colonies. The decision of local policy is a combination of three factors: pre-colonial racial and ethnic / ethnic discourse, the competition of colonial officials for superior race / ethnic ownership of knowledge, and the competition between colonizers and imaginations The identity and nature of colonists (such as “pro-China fever”). Economic interests determine Germany’s annexation of such colonies in Southwest Africa, but geopolitical interests are the determinants of Germany’s relatively indirect “cultural imperialism” strategy of abandoning its colonialist stance toward China during the pre-World War I years . The role of economic interests in the ongoing emergence and formation of colonial policies has always been influenced and constrained by European racial / ethnic descriptions.