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本文运用思辨能力层级理论模型评价辩论文本中体现的思辨能力,并分析思辨活动规则对于思辨成果的影响,认为辩题设置、定义模式和受众称呼等规则均影响思辨能力的发挥。要有效提高学生的思辨能力,应从思辨活动的规则设计下手:辩题需为非正即反的矛盾性单一辩题,辩题的定义权要清晰划定,论说对象应为持中立立场的第三方而不是对方辩友等。合理的辩论活动规则才能培养学生精晰深刻的理性思考,促进思辨能力的培养,推动思辨教育的发展。
This paper uses the speculative ability theory to evaluate the speculative ability embodied in the debates texts and analyzes the influence of the speculative activity rules on the speculative achievements. It is concluded that the rules such as the setting of propositions, the mode of definition and the audience address influence the exertion of speculative ability. To effectively improve the students’ ability of speculation, we should start from the rules and design of speculative activities: the debates need to be contradictory single issues of non-positive and anti-contradictions; the definition right of the debates should be clearly defined; the object of argument should be a neutral one Three parties instead of each other and so on. Reasonable rules of debate activities can cultivate students’ sharp and rational thinking, promote the cultivation of speculative ability, and promote the development of speculative education.