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湖相碳酸盐岩更明显地受控于古气候、古水动力条件和古水介质性质等因素。就世界范围来看,湖相碳酸盐岩分布广泛;地质历史时期,从古生代寒武纪到新生代,均有实例。湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积类型可分为骨架碳酸盐岩、颗粒碳酸盐岩、泥晶碳酸盐岩。根据水体的深度、水动力条件及相对位置等,可将湖泊碳酸盐沉积环境划分为滨湖、湖湾、浅湖和半深湖-深湖等。半深湖和深湖相碳酸盐岩可成为良好的生油岩,滩相和生物礁灰岩可成为良好的储集层,储集空间有原生孔隙、次生溶孔和溶洞、裂缝等。湖相碳酸盐岩多分布与浅湖地带,濒临深水湖区,靠近油源,在有好的圈闭保存时可形成岩性或地层油气藏。因此湖相碳酸盐岩的研究具有重要的理论和经济意义。
Lacustrine carbonate rocks are more obviously controlled by paleoclimate, paleoclimatic conditions and palaeocasan properties. On the world scale, the lacustrine carbonate rocks are widely distributed; during the geological history, there are examples from the Paleozoic Cambrian to Cenozoic. Sedimentary types of lacustrine carbonate rocks can be divided into skeleton carbonate rocks, granular carbonate rocks and dolomitic carbonate rocks. According to the depth of water body, hydrodynamic conditions and relative position, the lake carbonate sedimentary environment can be divided into lake, lake, shallow lake and semi-deep lake - deep lake. Semi-deep lacustrine and deep lacustrine carbonate rocks can be good source rocks, and the beach facies and reef limestone can be good reservoir reservoirs with primary, secondary and dissolved caves, fractures, etc. . The lacustrine carbonate rocks distribute more in the shallow lacustrine zone and are close to the Sham Shui Po area and close to the oil source. Lithologic facies or stratigraphic reservoirs can be formed when there are good trap deposits. Therefore, the study of lacustrine carbonate has important theoretical and economic significance.