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人类与自然的长期互动使得社会与生态系统紧密地连接在一起,成为具有复杂性、非线性、不确定性和多层嵌套等特征的统一体。适应性治理是针对复杂“社会-生态系统”而提出的一种强调弹性、合作和干中学的新型管理模式。从复杂“社会-生态系统”的角度看,我国集体林权制度改革在取得巨大成效的同时,在提高生态、经济、治理和社会绩效方面仍存在一些局限性。集体林权制度改革不能仅落在产权改革这一层次上,还要逐渐上升到建立一种适应农村社区需要和环境治理需要的治理系统改革,形成一种更加全面的适应性治理模式。
The long-term interaction between mankind and nature makes the society and the ecosystem are closely connected and become the unity of complexity, non-linearity, uncertainty and multi-level nestedness. Adaptive governance is a new type of management mode that emphasizes flexibility, cooperation and learning-by-doing for complex “social-ecological systems”. From the perspective of complex “social-ecological system”, there are still some limitations in improving the ecological, economic, governance and social performance while achieving great success in the reform of the collective forest rights system in China. The reform of collective forest rights system can not only fall on the level of property rights reform, but also gradually rise to establish a kind of reform of the governance system that meets the needs of rural communities and environmental governance, and form a more comprehensive adaptive governance model.