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罗马法律制度是人类文明中的智慧结晶,作为其重要组成部分的罗马诉讼制度同样对当前各国司法体制以及诉讼程序的构造产生了积极的影响。其诉讼制度按照历史时期发展的不同,可以分为法律诉讼、程式诉讼以及非常诉讼时期。直到公元前2世纪后半期,法律诉讼一直流行于当时的罗马帝国。法律诉讼包括传唤、审理、证讼、事实审以及执行等阶段。虽说对罗马法治文明的发展产生了极大的推动力,但是也存在着落后之处。希冀站在前人的肩膀上,立足于前辈已有的理论知识,通过系统梳理法律诉讼的理论知识,企图对罗马法中的“法律诉讼”做一初步的探析。
The Roman legal system is the crystallization of wisdom in human civilization. The Roman litigation system, as an important part of it, also has a positive impact on the current judicial system and the structure of the proceedings. According to the historical development of litigation system, it can be divided into legal proceedings, procedural proceedings and extraordinary proceedings. Until the second half of the second century BC, legal proceedings had prevailed in the then Roman Empire. Legal proceedings include summoning, trial, litigation, factual review and enforcement phases. Although there has been a great impetus to the development of the Roman civilized rule of law, there are still some backwardness. We hope to stand on the shoulders of our predecessors and base ourselves on the theoretical knowledge of our predecessors. By systematically combing the theoretical knowledge of legal litigation, we attempt to make a preliminary analysis of the “legal proceedings” in Roman law.