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以热力学基本原理为基础,建立了海洋温差发电系统仿真模型,对比分析了亚临界状态下R717、R134a和R600三种工质系统在约束蒸发器窄点温差条件下优化目标函数随蒸发温度的变化规律。结果表明:蒸发温度越高,不同系统换热器的热负荷以及冷、热海水泵功率越小,最佳蒸发压力和工质泵功率越大;不同系统的热效率和单位换热面积输出电量与蒸发温度的相关性较大,随蒸发温度的增加近似线性递增。蒸发器的换热面积与循环工质种类的相关性较小,但冷凝器的换热面积与循环工质种类的相关性较大。R717循环更接近于卡诺循环,R717的系统热效率最大,热负荷及泵功率最小,且其热经济性目标函数值在合适的范围内,是海洋温差发电系统较为理想的循环工质。研究结果可为海洋温差发电系统的设计、试验及设备选型提供理论参考。
Based on the basic principles of thermodynamics, a simulation model of marine thermoelectric power generation system was established. The variation of the optimization objective function with the evaporating temperature of the three working fluid systems R717, R134a and R600 in the subcritical condition under the narrow point temperature difference of the constrained evaporator was analyzed. law. The results show that the higher the evaporation temperature, the smaller the heat load of the heat exchangers in different systems and the smaller the power of the cold and hot seawater pumps, the better the evaporation pressure and the power of the working fluid pump. The thermal efficiency of different systems and the output power per unit heat transfer area The correlation of evaporation temperature is larger and increases linearly with the increase of evaporation temperature. The correlation between the evaporator heat transfer area and the type of circulating refrigerant is small, but the heat exchanger area of the condenser is more dependent on the type of circulating refrigerant. The R717 cycle is closer to the Carnot cycle. The R717 system has the highest thermal efficiency, the lowest thermal load and pump power, and its thermal economy objective function is within the proper range. It is an ideal circulating refrigerant for marine thermoelectric power generation systems. The results can provide theoretical reference for the design, test and equipment selection of marine thermoelectric power generation system.