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十几年来我国的公路基础设施实现了跨越式的发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就。其突出标志是高速公路建设突飞猛进,通车里程已达1.9万公里,不仅在高速公路的设计理论和水平方面有飞跃式的提高,而且建设水平达到了世界水平。建成的高速公路在我国的交通运输体系中已发挥着重要的脊梁作用,为我国国民经济和社会的发展作出了突出的贡献。我国计划到2005年高速公路将超过2.5万公里,特别是交通部制定的公路交通发展三阶段的目标“2010年实现全面改善,2020年基本适应,2040年基本实现现代化”为我们今后几十年公路建设勾画出宏伟的蓝图,届时我们高速公路总里程将达到8万公里,高速公路密度达到0.83公里/百平方公里,公路总里程超过500万公里。但是,我们也应看到,如此多高速公路的修建对自然环境势必造成很大的影响,而且要花费数万亿元人民币的资金。目前在高速公路的建设中客观存在平原微丘区高速公路路基过高;山区高速公路的边坡过高;高速公路与环境不协调,甚至破坏自然环境,诱发地质病害,导致过高的工程造价等问题。因此,本刊特约中交第一公路勘察设计研究院院长霍明撰文,针对“两高”问题存在的症结进行了分析,对高速公路建设指导思想、技术指标运用、工程造价以及可持续发展、建设管理体制等诸多问题进行了思考,以期为我国高速公路建设事业的发展提供有益的借鉴。
Over the past decade or so, China’s road infrastructure has achieved leapfrog development and made remarkable achievements. Its prominent symbol is that the construction of expressways has progressed by leaps and bounds. The traffic mileage has reached 19,000 kilometers. It has not only made leaps and bounds in the design theory and level of expressways, but also reached the world standard in construction. The completed expressway has played an important backbone in China’s transportation system and has made outstanding contributions to the development of our national economy and society. China plans to have an expressway of more than 25,000 km by 2005, in particular the three-phase goal of road transport development set by the Ministry of Communications, “achieving overall improvement in 2010, basically adapting in 2020 and basically realizing modernization in 2040” In the ten-year highway construction, a grand blueprint is sketched out. At that time, the total mileage of our expressways will reach 80,000 kilometers. The expressway density will reach 0.83 kilometers per 100 square kilometers and the total mileage of the highway will exceed 5 million kilometers. However, we should also see that the construction of so many expressways will inevitably have a great impact on the natural environment and will cost trillions of yuan. At present, there is an objective existence of highways in the plain and micro-hill areas in the construction of the expressway. The high side of the expressway is too high. The highways are not harmonious with the environment, even damaging the natural environment, inducing geological diseases and causing excessive construction costs And other issues. Therefore, the article dedicated Huo Ming, chief of the First Highway Survey and Design Institute of CCCC wrote an analysis of the crux of the problem of “two highs” and made suggestions on the guiding ideology, application of technical indicators, project cost, Sustainable development, construction management system and many other issues were considered in order to provide a useful reference for the development of highway construction in our country.