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目的了解云南省祥云县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征和汉坦病毒(HV)宿主动物分布特点。方法收集祥云县2003～2012年HFRS疫情资料并采集病人和健康人血清检测HV抗体。在居民区和野外捕鼠,鼠肺组织标本用直接免疫荧光法检测HV抗原,用RT-PCR法检测HV核酸。结果祥云县2003～2012年共报告HFRS病例100例,平均年发病率2.18/10万(0.88/10万～4.64/10万)。主要发病地区为云南驿镇、普棚镇和下庄镇。全年均有发病,以男性青壮年农民为主。居民区以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为优势种,野外以中华姬鼠为优势种。鼠间HV总感染率为6.22%,其中褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和中华姬鼠HV感染率分别为4.38%(14/320)、5.33%(9/169)和13.25%(11/83),其它阳性鼠种为灰麝鼩、臭鼩鼱、小家鼠、大绒鼠。从8份阳性褐家鼠肺标本中检测到汉城型病毒核酸阳性3份,汉滩型核酸阳性1份。结论祥云县不仅存在着以褐家鼠为主要传染源的HFRS家鼠型疫源地,也存在野鼠型疫源地。近几年发病率上升与较高的鼠密度和鼠间HV感染率有关。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the distribution of Hantaan virus (HV) host in Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province. Methods The epidemic data of HFRS from 2003 to 2012 in Xiangyun County were collected and the HV antibodies were detected in sera of patients and healthy people. The HV antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence in the murine and rat lung tissue samples in residential area and in the wild, and the HV nucleic acid was detected by RT-PCR. Results A total of 100 cases of HFRS were reported in Xiangyun County from 2003 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 2.18 / 100000 (0.88 / 100000 ~ 4.64 / 100000). The main areas for the incidence of Yunnan Station Town, Cape Town and Town. The incidence of all year round, mainly male young farmers. The residential area is dominated by Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus, and the dominant species is Apodemus agrarius in the wild. The prevalence of HV infection among the rats was 6.22%. The HV infection rates of Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus and Apodemus agrarius were 4.38% (14/320), 5.33% (9/169) and 13.25% (11/83) , Other positive rat species as gray musk deer, stink nigrum, Mus musculus, mammoth. From 8 positive Rattus norvegicus lung specimens detected positive for Seoul virus 3 nucleotides, Han Tan nucleic acid-positive 1. Conclusion In Xiangyun County, there are not only HFRS mice in which Rattus norvegicus is the main source of infection, but also Valkyria-type foci. In recent years, the incidence increased with higher rat density and HV infection rate in rats.