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随着航空工程技术的发展和空战战术观念的转变,战斗机高空飞行能力再次受到重视。特别是在发生座舱迅速减压后继续在60000ft(18300m)以上高空的持续飞行能力,将是使美国空军F-22和欧洲战斗机2000等下一代战斗机具有武器发射优势和高空防御优势的重要前提之一。为此,美国空军对高空生理防护的指导思想进行了部分调整,即由现行的“下降救生”(get-me-down)发展为“继续飞行”(keep-me-up)。本文介绍了在此思想指导下,美国空军近年在高空供氧浓度、座舱压力制度和供氧防护装备方面进行的有关工作。高空座舱迅速减压后继续飞行对飞行员的主要危害之一是高空减压病。为了进行有效的预防,根据实验研究和实际飞行调查,美军提出了一种新的方案,即从地面起飞开始呼吸纯氧和增加座舱压力,以促进排氮,降低体内氮负荷,减少巡航高度飞行时体内微小气泡的生成,从而降低座舱减压后高空减压病发生的危险。为了预防座舱减压后高空长时间飞行的供氧问题,美军设计研制了一套SHARPEDGE供氧救生系统,以满足“继续飞行”的要求。
With the development of aviation engineering technology and the change of air combat tactical concepts, the fighter’s high-altitude flight capability has once again been taken seriously. In particular, the continued ability to continue flying at altitudes above 60,000 ft (18,300 m) after a rapid depressurization of the cockpit will be an important prerequisite for the next-generation fighter aircraft such as the U.S. Air Force F-22 and Eurofighter 2000 to have the advantages of weapons launch and high-altitude defense. one. To this end, the U.S. Air Force made partial adjustments to the guiding ideology of high-altitude physiology protection from “get-me-down” to “keep-me-up.” This paper introduces the relevant work carried out by the U.S. Air Force in recent years in the areas of altitude oxygen supply, cockpit pressure system and oxygen protection equipment under the guidance of this thinking. One of the major hazards to pilots of continuing to fly after the rapid decompression of a cockpit is altitude decompression sickness. For effective prevention, based on experimental studies and actual flight surveys, the U.S. military has proposed a new scheme to start breathing pure oxygen and increase cabin pressure from the ground to promote nitrogen drainage, reduce nitrogen load in the body and reduce cruising altitude When the formation of tiny bubbles in the body, thereby reducing the risk of cabin decompression sickness altitude decompression sickness. In order to prevent the supply of oxygen for a long time flight after the cockpit decompression, the U.S. military has designed and developed a SHARPEDGE oxygenation rescue system to meet the requirements of “continuing flight”.