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目的了解杭州市2014年0~6岁腹泻儿童轮状病毒(RV)感染情况。方法采用免疫荧光法检测腹泻儿童粪便中的肠道病毒四项(轮状病毒、腺病毒、星状病毒和诺如病毒)抗原,并对RV阳性标本进行粪便常规和隐血试验。结果 2 488例腹泻患儿中,RV阳性921例,RV阳性率37.02%。男女童RV阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.235)。不同年龄组RV阳性率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),其中1岁~组阳性率(44.50%)高于<1岁组的28.18%和3~6岁组的19.39%(P=0.000)。1月、11月和12月RV阳性率较高,分别为36.08%、53.05%和57.94%。对RV阳性标本进行粪便常规镜检和粪便隐血试验,其中隐血199例(21.61%),少量白细胞77例(8.36%),白细胞并隐血阳性57例(6.19%)。结论本次调查的杭州市0~6岁的腹泻儿童,病原体主要为轮状病毒。11月、12月和1月份为轮状病毒流行高峰。
Objective To understand the rotavirus (RV) infection in children aged 0 ~ 6 years old in Hangzhou in 2014. Methods Four antigens of enterovirus (rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and norovirus) in stool samples of diarrhea children were detected by immunofluorescence method, and stool routine and occult blood tests were performed on RV positive specimens. Results Among 2 488 children with diarrhea, 921 were positive for RV, the positive rate of RV was 37.02%. There was no significant difference in RV positive rate between boys and girls (P = 0.235). The positive rate of RV in different age groups was statistically significant (P = 0.000). The positive rate of 1-year-old group (44.50%) was higher than 28.18% of <1-year-old group and 19.39% of 3-6-year old group ). The positive rates of RV in January, November and December were higher, which were 36.08%, 53.05% and 57.94% respectively. There were 199 cases of occult blood (21.61%), 77 cases (8.36%) of leucocytes and 57 cases (6.19%) of leucocytes positive occult blood in RV positive specimens. Conclusion This survey of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Hangzhou, the major pathogens are rotavirus. November, December and January are the peak rotavirus epidemic.