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目的分析高县麻疹流行态势与特征,为巩固控制成果提供依据。方法用描述流行病学法对高县1960—2013年麻疹疫情资料统计分析。结果 1960—2013年累计报告29 457例,死亡133例,年发病率和死亡率分别为126.60/10万和0.57/10万。年发病率疫苗使用前期为559.83/10万,疫苗使用初期304.71/10万,计划免疫冷链运转期60.88/10万,规范门诊接种期3.12/10万。病例高峰期出现在4~6月(57.3%)和12~1月(13.5%)。发病主要集中在0~9岁儿童(97.2%),男女性别比为1.24∶1;散居儿童发病最多(44.0%),其次是学生(24.0%)和农民(19.6%),共占87.5%。结论 1960—2013年高县麻疹发病率呈明显下降趋势,2013年实现了消除麻疹控制目标,防治成效明显。发病有明显季节性,男性高于女性,9岁以下散居儿童、学生和农民是重点人群,应继续加强督导力度和疫情监测管理。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and characteristics of measles in high counties and provide basis for consolidating the control results. Methods Epidemiological data were used to analyze the epidemic situation of measles data from 1960 to 2013 in Gao County. Results A total of 29 457 cases were reported from 1960 to 2013, with 133 deaths. The annual morbidity and mortality were 126.60 / 100,000 and 0.57 / 100,000 respectively. Annual incidence of pre-use vaccine was 559.83 / 100,000, the initial use of the vaccine 304.71 / 100,000, planned immunization cold chain operation period of 60.88 / 100,000, outpatient vaccination standard 3.12 / 100,000. The peak cases occurred in April to June (57.3%) and from January to December (13.5%). The incidence was mainly in children aged 0-9 years (97.2%), the sex ratio was 1.24:1. The incidence of scattered children was the highest (44.0%), followed by that of students (24.0%) and peasants (19.6%), accounting for 87.5%. Conclusion The incidence of measles in high counties in 1960-2013 showed a significant downward trend. In 2013, measles control was eliminated, and the prevention and cure effects were obvious. The incidence was significantly seasonal, men than women, children under 9 years of age, students and farmers are the key population should continue to strengthen supervision and epidemic situation monitoring and management.