Background:Recently,the most common incision for kidney transplantation (KT) is an inverted J-shaped incision known as the hockey-stick. However,demands for minimally invasive surgery in KT are increasing as in other various fields of surgery.Hence,we evaluated whether there is difference between minimal skin incision technique in kidney transplantation (MIKT) and conventional KT (CKT).Methods:Between June 2006 and March 2013,a total of 452 living kidney transplant patients were enrolled.The MIKT group included 17 young unmarried women whose body mass index was ＜25 kg/m2 and had no anatomic variation.The CKT group included 435 patients.The MIKT operation technique restricted to the 10 cm-sized skin incision in the lower right abdomen from laterally below the anterior superior iliac spine to the midline just above the pubis was performed.We compared the baseline clinical characteristics and postoperative results between two groups.For proper comparison,propensity score matching was implemented.Results:There was no difference in graft function,survival,and postoperative complication rate between MIKT and CKT groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The 5-year graft survival was 92.3％ and 85.7％ in MIKT and CKT groups,respectively (P =0.786).Conclusions:Our results indicated that MIKT showed more favorable cosmetic results,and there were no statistical differences in various postoperative factors including graft function,survival,and complications compared with CKT.Hence,we suggested that MIKT is an appropriate method for selected patients in living KT.