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目的 探讨18氟-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)诊断肺泡蛋白沉积症(pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,PAP)的价值.方法 收集2007年8月-2015年8月在解放军昆明总医院行18F-FDG PET/CT检查并被确诊为肺泡蛋白沉积症的患者33例,根据同机CT肺部病灶分布特征,回顾分析18F-FDG PET/CT显像肺部病灶的解剖结构及细胞代谢情况.结果 33例患者中,PET显像提示阳性病灶29例,阴性病灶4例,PET/CT诊断PAP患者28例,3例误诊为肺炎,1例患者误诊为结核,1例误诊为肿瘤,诊断符合率为85%(28/33);PET显像的放射性浓聚程度与CT肺部病变的浸润范围和实变类型呈正相关,CT扫描肺部病变改变愈重,PET显像放射性浓聚程度愈高, T/NT比值愈大.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对诊断肺泡蛋白沉积症具有较大的临床价值,不仅能够准确反映病灶大小、形态、解剖结构等情况,还能够提供病灶细胞的代谢信息,可以为临床诊断提供可靠依据.“,”Objective To investigate the value of PET/CT 18F-FDG imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Methods Eighteen patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in our hospital from August 2007 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed according to the distribution characteristics of CT lesions on the same plane. PET/CT imaging of the anatomy and cellular metabolism of lung lesions. Results Among 33 patients, PET imaging revealed 29 cases of positive lesions, 4 cases of negative lesions, 28 cases of PAP diagnosed by PET/CT, 3 cases were misdiagnosed as pneumonia, 1 case was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, and 1 case was misdiagnosed as tumor. The diagnosis coincidence rate was 85% (28/33). The degree of radioactivity accumulation in PET imaging was positively correlated with the extent and type of consolidation of CT lung lesions. The heavier the change in lung lesions on CT scans, the greater the radioactivity concentration of PET imaging. High, the greater the T/NT ratio. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging has great clinical value in diagnosing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. It can not only accurately reflect the size, shape, and anatomy of lesions, but also provide metabolic information of lesion cells. It can provide reliable basis in clinical diagnosis.