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环境法的兴起有着深刻的社会背景、经济背景和法理背景。自然环境有限的条件下产生社会冲突,对新群体与社会的形成具有促进功能和对新规范及制度的建立具有激发功能。自由主义的市场经济思想受到了挑战,从环境保护的角度概括地说包括外部性与公地的悲剧、过度增长癖、自然最知。在法理学上,20世纪初出现了社会连带主义法学,强调权利的社会性和个人的社会义务的法律思想,将“社会利益”作为解决个人之间权利冲突的准则。
The rise of environmental law has profound social background, economic background and legal background. Under the condition of limited natural environment, social conflicts are generated, which promote the formation of new groups and society and stimulate the establishment of new norms and systems. Liberal market economy has been challenged from the perspective of environmental protection, including the tragedy of externality and public land, over-growth addiction, nature knows best. In jurisprudence, at the beginning of the 20th century, there emerged the law of social joint legalism, emphasizing the social thought of rights and the social obligations of individuals, and used “social interests” as the criterion for resolving the conflicts of rights among individuals.