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自秦汉以来,大一统一直是中国历史发展的一条主轴。近代以来,大一统国家继续居于主导地位,中央集权的国家政权统领着整个社会从传统向现代的转型,并在这一进程中使自身通过再造而得到承续。一百多年来,人们环绕着建立多民族统一国家还是汉民族单一民族国家、建立单一制国家还是联邦制国家、建立新的集权制国家还是三权分立的分权制国家、建立中央集权制国家还是广泛实行地方自治的国家、建立一党制或以党治国的国家还是两党制或多党轮流执政的国家、建立继续以家国共同体为本位的国家还是以个人为本位的国家、建立实行精英主义精英治国的国家还是坚持草根主义“草根”治国的国家这样一些根本性的问题,展开了异常激烈的反复争论,并通过色彩斑斓的各种实践论证和检验他们的主张。20世纪以来的全部中国历史,在走过非常曲折的道路,总结了极为丰富的经验和教训后,终于作出了正确的选择。对于大一统国家体制如何承续又如何适应新的时代而变革与再造,是一个不容回避的历史课题。
Since the Qin and Han dynasties, unification has always been the main axis of the development of China’s history. Since the modern times, the state of the unification has continued to dominate. The centralized state power has led the entire society from traditional transformation to the modern one, and in the process, has allowed itself to be resumed through reengineering. For more than one hundred years, people have been going around the establishment of a single nation of multinational nationalities or the Han nationality, the establishment of a single state or a federal state, the establishment of a new centralized state or a decentralized state with separate powers and the establishment of a centralized state power Whether the state should implement a system of local autonomy, establish a one-party system or a state-run state, or a two-party system or a multi-party government and establish a state-based country or an individual-based country should establish a system of implementing elites The elite countries governed the fundamental issues like the “grassroots” and “governing” countries and started fiercely repeated arguments and argued and tested their claims through various and colorful practices. All Chinese history since the 20th century has finally made its correct choice after going through a very tortuous path and summing up its vast experience and lessons. It is an unavoidable historical issue for how the unified state system should continue to adapt and adapt to the new era.