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为了解控制粳稻产量相关性状及其中亲优势的基因作用类型,利用秀堡RIL群体及其2个回交(BCF1)群体对株高、生育期、单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗颖花数、结实率、一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数8个性状及其中亲杂种优势进行QTL定位。共检测到58个显著的主效QTL(M-QTL),单个M-QTL的贡献率变幅为3.3%~41.9%。77.6%的M-QTL表现为加性效应,15.5%的M-QTL表现为部分或完全显性效应,6.9%的M-QTL表现为超显性效应。共检测到90对显著的双基因上位性QTL(E-QTL)。在RIL群体中检测到44对E-QTL,单对E-QTL的贡献率变幅为1.7%~8.0%,平均3.7%。在XSBCF1群体中检测到27对E-QTL,其中利用BCF1表型值检测到16对E-QTL,单对E-QTL的贡献率变幅为12.7%~78.5%,平均29.2%;利用中亲优势值检测到11对E-QTL,单对E-QTL的贡献率变幅为15.0%~71.8%,平均40.1%。在CBBCF1群体中检测到19对E-QTL,其中利用BCF1表型值检测到12对E-QTL,单对E-QTL的贡献率变幅为2.7%~64.4%,平均30.1%;利用中亲优势值检测到9对E-QTL,单对E-QTL的贡献率变幅为21.7%~64.1%,平均40.0%。在CBBCF1群体中,利用BCF1表型值和中亲优势值都检测到的E-QTL有2对。上述结果表明上位性效应是粳稻秀堡组合杂种优势的主要遗传基础。
In order to understand the control of the yield-related traits and the type of gene function in which the pro-dominant japonica rice is dominant, the RIL population and its two backcross (BCF1) populations were used to study the effects of plant height, The number of flowers, the seed setting rate, the number of primary branches and the number of secondary branches, and the QTL mapping of their heterosis. A total of 58 significant QTLs (M-QTLs) were detected, and the contribution rate of individual M-QTLs varied from 3.3% to 41.9%. 77.6% of M-QTLs showed additive effects, 15.5% of M-QTLs showed partial or complete dominant effect and 6.9% of M-QTLs showed super-dominant effect. A total of 90 pairs of significant double-gene epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were detected. In the RIL population, 44 pairs of E-QTLs were detected. The contribution rate of single-pair E-QTLs varied from 1.7% to 8.0% with an average of 3.7%. In the XSBCF1 population, 27 pairs of E-QTLs were detected. Among them, 16 pairs of E-QTLs were detected using the BCF1 phenotype value, and the contribution rate of single-pair E-QTLs varied from 12.7% to 78.5% with an average of 29.2% The dominant value detected 11 pairs of E-QTLs, and the contribution rate of single pair of E-QTLs varied from 15.0% to 71.8% with an average of 40.1%. Nineteen pairs of E-QTLs were detected in the CBBCF1 population. Among them, 12 pairs of E-QTLs were detected using the BCF1 phenotypic value, and the contribution rate of single-pair E-QTLs varied from 2.7% to 64.4% with an average of 30.1% The dominant value detected nine pairs of E-QTLs, and the contribution rate of single-pair E-QTLs varied from 21.7% to 64.1% with an average of 40.0%. In the CBBCF1 population, two pairs of E-QTLs were detected using the BCF1 phenotype and the mid-parental dominant value. The above results show that the epistatic effect is the main genetic basis for the heterosis in japonica rice combination.