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为探讨人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）与直肠癌的关系，应用共同引物聚合酶链式反应扩增ＨＰＶ高保守区Ｌ１区序列，扩增产物经限制性内切酶ＤｄｅＩ，ＸｂａＩ，ＡｃｃＩ，ＰｓｔＩ酶切后，进行限制性片段长度多态性分析（ＲＦＬＰ），可对ＨＰＶ６，１１，１６，１８等常见的型别进行快速检测及鉴定。用该法对１１２例直肠癌和６３例正常直肠粘膜组织中ＨＰＶ进行检测。结果：直肠癌ＨＰＶ检出率（１８．７５％）与正常直肠粘膜（７．９３％）差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），但直肠癌ＨＰＶ１６检出率（１６．０７％）高于正常直肠粘膜（１．５８％），差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明ＨＰＶ１６可能与直肠癌的发生有密切关系，是直肠癌的高危致癌因素。该检测系统敏感性高，可检出每个二倍体细胞内０．１拷贝的ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ，操作简便，适用于大批量标本ＨＰＶ的筛检，值得推广应用
In order to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and rectal cancer, the L1 region of HPV highly conserved region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using common primers. The amplified products were digested with the restriction enzymes DdeI, XbaI, AccI, PstI. After cutting, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) was performed to rapidly detect and identify HPV 6,11,16,18 and other common types. The method was used to detect HPV in 112 cases of rectal cancer and 63 cases of normal rectal mucosa. Results: There was no significant difference between the detection rate of HPV in rectal cancer (18.75%) and normal rectal mucosa (7.93%) (P>0.05), but the detection rate of HPV16 in rectal cancer (16.07%) was high. In the normal rectal mucosa (1.58%), the difference was highly significant (P<0.01), indicating that HPV16 may be closely related to the occurrence of rectal cancer and is a high-risk carcinogenic factor for rectal cancer. The detection system has high sensitivity and can detect 0.1 copies of HPV16 DNA in each diploid cell. It is easy to operate and suitable for screening of large-volume specimens. It is worth popularizing and applying.