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目的:探讨淡水蚌的遗传多样性。方法:采用双壳类已开发出的11对微卫星引物,计算各物种的相关遗传多样性参数。结果:圆顶珠蚌、洞穴丽蚌和中国尖嵴蚌具有较高的观测杂合度(分别为0.558、0.533和0.497)及多态信息含量(各自为0.512、0.443和0.429),遗传多样性丰富,其适应环境的能力较强。而橄榄蛏蚌的观测杂合度(0.467)和多态信息含量(0.351)都较低,其遗传多样性较低,需要重点保护。另外,鱼尾楔蚌、三角帆蚌、短褶矛蚌、椭圆背角无齿蚌这四种蚌的遗传多样性中等,属于较稳定的物种。同时,根据遗传距离建立物种间的分子系统树。结论:双壳类微卫星标记可用于研究淡水蚌物种的遗传多样性及系统发育关系。
Objective: To explore the genetic diversity of freshwater mussels. Methods: 11 pairs of microsatellite primers developed by bivalves were used to calculate the genetic diversity of each species. Results: The highest observed heterozygosities (0.558, 0.533 and 0.497, respectively) and polymorphic information content (0.512, 0.443 and 0.429, respectively) were observed in the dome-shaped mussels, cave mussels and Chinese poinsettia mussels, with rich genetic diversity, Its ability to adapt to the environment stronger. However, the observed heterozygosity (0.467) and polymorphic information content (0.351) of Olibonid mussel are both low, and their genetic diversity is low and need to be protected. In addition, the four species of mussels, namely, clawed mussels, Hyriopsis cumingii, Hyriopsis cumingii, Hypoallergenic mussel, and Elliotlidella rex have medium genetic diversity and are relatively stable species. At the same time, establish molecular phylogenetic tree based on genetic distance. Conclusion: Bivalve microsatellite markers can be used to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of freshwater mussel species.