赤铁矿和针铁矿是自然界常见的风化产物,对气候环境具有灵敏的指示作用.本文利用漫反射光谱技术,分析了长江干流及其主要支流悬浮颗粒物及河漫滩沉积物中赤铁矿和针铁矿的分布特征.结果表明,长江沉积物中可见光漫反射光谱一阶导数赤铁矿特征峰出现在565nm处,针铁矿一阶导数主峰出现在505nm处,次峰出现在435nm处.与以往在黄土研究中的结果不同,长江沉积物中针铁矿一阶导数主峰的峰高普遍低于针铁矿次峰的一阶导数峰高.在长江流域内,干流样品赤铁矿和针铁矿含量变化不大,而上游支流赤铁矿和针铁矿含量总体较低,反映了它们的来源不同和水动力作用影响.长江与黄河沉积物、黄土及粉尘的漫反射光谱数据对比发现,不同环境下赤铁矿和针铁矿含量差别明显,具有一定的气候环境与源区指示意义. Hematite and goethite are weathering products that are common in nature and have a sensitive indication to the climate and environment.In this paper, by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the effects of hematite and needle in the sediments of the mainstream of the Yangtze River and its major tributaries, The results show that the first derivative of the visible light diffuse reflectance spectrum appears at 565nm in the sediments of the Yangtze River, the first derivative of goethite appears at 505nm and the second peak appears at 435nm. In the past, the results of loess studies were different, the peak height of the first derivative of goethite in the Yangtze River sediments was generally lower than that of the first derivative of the second peak of goethite. In the mainstream of the Yangtze River, the hematite and needle The content of iron ore has little change, while the content of hematite and goethite in the upper reaches of the tributaries is generally low, which reflects the difference of their sources and the influence of hydrodynamic effect. Comparing the diffuse reflectance spectra of sediments, loess and dust in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River , Different hematite and goethite content significantly different, with some of the climatic environment and source area indicates.