Objective:To explore the effect of imbalance of tumor necrosis factor receptor related factor-6 (TRAF-6), interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase-3 (NALP3) in patients with gouty arthritis.Methods: The retrospective experiment was conducted on 105 patients with gouty arthritis admitted to our hospital (47 patients with acute onset and 58 patients with remission, namely group A and group B); meanwhile, another 61 healthy volunteers were selected for control, namely group C. The enrolling of the three groups was dated from May 2017 to May 2018, and TRAF-6, IRAK-1 and NALP3 of all subjects were tested through real-time fluorescence quantification (RT-PCR), and the correlation between the three inflammatory factors and gouty arthritis was compared. Results:1) Through treatment, ESR, BUA and total addiment in group A and B were higher than those in group C, among which the three indicators in group A were higher than those in group B (P<0.05), while CRP was lower than that of group C, and the two indicators in group A were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). 2) There was no significant difference in the relative expression of TRAF-6 mRNA between group A and group B before treatment (P>0.05), significantly lower than group C (P<0.05); the above indicators of group A and group B were improved to some extent after treatment, but group A was still lower than group B (P<0.05), and the degree of improvement of group A was also lower than that of group C (P<0.05), while the degree of improvement of group B was not significantly different from that of group C (P>0.05). 3) The relative expression level of IRAK-1mRNA in group A and group B before treatment showed no significant difference (P>0.05), but was also lower than that in group C (P<0.05). The relative expression level of IRAK-1mRNA in group A and group B increased to some extent after treatment, with group A significantly lower than group C (P<0.05), and group B showed no significant difference compared with group C (P>0.05). 4) The relative expression level of NALP-3 mRNA in group A and group B showed no significant difference (P>0.05) before treatment, significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05); the relative expression of NALP-3 mRNA in group A was not significantly decreased (P>0.05) after treatment, while that in group B was significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05), indicating significant different compared with group A and group C. 5) There was no correlation between ) TRAF-6, ESR, CRP and total addiment (P>0.05); IRAK-1 was negatively correlated with CRP, BUA and total addiment (P<0.05); NALP-3 was negatively correlated with ESR and CRP (P<0.05).Conclusion: TRAF-6, IRAK-1 and NALP-3 are all under abnormal expression in the developing of new gouty arthritis, acting as important participants in promoting the occurrence, development and outcome of illness states, so the intervening measures should be taken.