轮状病毒是导致我国儿童急性腹泻的重要病原之一，给我国带来沉重的疾病负担及经济负担。目前发展疫苗是控制和预防轮状病毒感染的重要有效手段。由于不同的疫苗针对不同的流行株有不同的保护效率，而轮状病毒在我国具有丰富、多样复杂的分子流行病学特征，因此有必要监测其流行情况，并探讨疫苗在我国的推广价值。文章分析我国轮状病毒的分子流行病学现况及目前我国市场使用的轮状病毒保护效率，以进一步探讨轮状病毒疫苗在我国推广使用的价值。“,”Retrovirus (RV), a major pathogen in acute gastroenteritis in children that may lead to severe disease and heavy burdens on national economy. There is no speciifc drug treatment for the gastroenteritis caused by RV, and vaccine has been identiifed as the most effective intervention to control the associated disease burden. The RV vaccine showed differential effects on different RV infection. In China, epidemiology of RV is more complex hence demands more epidemiologic studies. In this article, we will review the epidemiology of RV in China and further discuss the importance of generalized RV vaccine.