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The mother-baby peroral choledochofiberscope (PCS) examination is a safe and noninvasive method. The examination field of baby scope can reach common bile duct, common hepatic bile duct, intrahepatic bile duct, and even gallbladder. Thus biliary diseases can be diagnosed and treated under direct view. From October 1995 to September 1996, PCS was used in 18 cases which were not diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and final diagnoses and satisfactory therapeutic effects were achieved which further broaden the clinical indication of PCS. Following is a report on application of PCS in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocholangic diseases.