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自1958年海洋法四大公约出台以来,国际渔业法律制度经历了巨大的变革,渔业规制已经逐步由国际规制阶段发展到主要由沿海国进行规制的阶段。与旧的渔业规制体制相比,新的规制体制带来了更加有效的管理和更为公平的渔业资源分配。本文介绍了目前世界范围内对专属经济区和公海的捕鱼活动以及对跨界种群和特定种群予以规范的各种法律制度,包括联合国和区域性的公约、多边或双边条约,以及各个层次各个类别的相关组织,梳理了其发展演变的脉络,分析了其合理性、有效性和不足之处,并提出了意见和建议。本文认为,国际社会应当认可1993年《促进公海渔船遵守国际养护和管理措施的协定》,并配合其他国际海洋保育和管理措施,使渔业资源保育朝着更可持续发展的目标前进。
Since the promulgation of the four conventions of the law of the sea in 1958, the international fishery legal system has undergone tremendous changes. The fishery regulation has been gradually developed from the stage of international regulation to the stage regulated mainly by the coastal countries. Compared with the old fishery regulation system, the new regulation system has resulted in more effective management and more equitable distribution of fishery resources. This article describes the current worldwide legal regimes for fishing activities in the exclusive economic zone and the high seas, as well as for the regulation of transboundary stocks and specific stocks, including United Nations and regional conventions, multilateral or bilateral treaties, and various Relevant organizations of the categories sort out the context of their development and evolution, analyze their rationality, effectiveness and shortcomings, and put forward their opinions and suggestions. This paper argues that the international community should recognize the 1993 Agreement for the Promotion of Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas and cooperate with other international marine conservation and management measures to move the conservation of fishery resources towards the goal of more sustainable development.