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为提高相似材料模型试验的模拟精度,通过单轴压缩测试了2种不同材料(砂-石膏、砂-水泥-石膏)、不同配比试件的应力-应变特性,分析其力学性能、破坏特征,并探讨了相似材料模型制作及试件测试过程中的误差来源。研究结果表明:1)2种相似材料试件在加载过程中均能表现出良好的弹塑性性质,可针对不同试验岩体进行模拟仿真;2)2种相似材料试件峰后软化段平稳,残余强度稳定;3)由于相似材料体胶结不够充分,原发损伤多,加载过程中易出现异常卸压和应力波动,破坏特征主要以张裂和共轭双剪为主;4)相似材料模型制作过程中,人为因素影响较大,提出了配制和测试过程中的误差来源,应尽量避免以增加相似材料试验精度。
In order to improve the simulation accuracy of similar material model tests, the stress-strain characteristics of two different materials (sand-gypsum, sand-cement-gypsum) and different proportioning specimens were tested by uniaxial compression and the mechanical properties and failure characteristics were analyzed. The sources of error in the fabrication of similar materials and the testing of specimens are also discussed. The results show that: 1) The specimens of two similar materials show good elasto-plastic properties during the loading process and can be simulated by different test rock masses; 2) The residual strength is stable; 3) Due to insufficient cementing of similar material body, primary damage is more, abnormal pressure relief and stress fluctuation tend to occur during loading, and the main failure characteristics are mainly double crack and conjugate double shear; 4) During the manufacturing process, human factors have a great impact, and the sources of errors in the preparation and testing process are proposed. Testing accuracy of similar materials should be avoided as much as possible.