目的 观察兔坐骨神经干注射安定前后的病理、生理改变。方法 用 9只实验用大白兔电针探测坐骨神经，试验侧注射安定 5 mg，对照侧注射生理盐水 1 ml,观察注药前后各时段坐骨神经阈电位改变及坐骨神经病理改变。结果 试验侧注药后神经阈电位显著大于注药前及对照侧 (P0.05)。电镜观察病理过程符合 Sunderland轴突损伤定义。结论 安定直接神经注射能迅速抑制神经的兴奋性传导。 Objective To observe the pathological and physiological changes of rabbit sciatic nerve trunk before and after injection. Methods Sciatic nerve was detected by electroacupuncture in 9 rabbits. The experimental group was injected with 5 mg of diazepam and the control group was injected with 1 ml of normal saline. The changes of the threshold potential of the sciatic nerve and the pathological changes of the sciatic nerve were observed before and after injection. Results The experimental group after injection of nerve threshold potential was significantly greater than before injection and control side (P lt; 0.05). Electron microscopy pathological process in line with Sunderland axonal injury definition. Conclusion Anesthesia direct nerve injection can rapidly inhibit the excitatory nerve conduction.