将“五四”新文学运动放到民国社会的大背景中考察，就不难发现，它是应时应运而生，并随着民国社会政治、经济、文化的发展而相应变化的。以往的研究主要从思想与文化方面切入，强调的也多是这两方面的价值重估。本文侧重从社会角度对新文学运动加以观照，着重分析其在文学“神话”与社会现实之间一以贯通的时代特征，并简单分析其历史成因与时代的局限性。 After examining the background of the May Fourth Movement of New Literature in the context of the Republic of China, it is not hard to find out that it came into being at the right moment and changes correspondingly with the development of the social politics, economy and culture of the Republic of China. Previous studies mainly focused on ideological and cultural aspects, and emphasized more on the revaluation of these two aspects. This article focuses on the social literary movement of the New Literature to be looked at, focusing on its literary “myth” and social reality between a through features of the times, and a brief analysis of its historical causes and the limitations of the times.