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作者对西部干旱地区“四河四域”(黄河宁蒙段、石羊河、黑河、塔里木河)的水问题进行了调研,涉及其上中下游的历史背景与现状,包括水资源、水灾害、水生态、水污染;水工程、节水技术、水景观;水制度、水经济、水伦理、水美学,认为:西部干旱地区水问题主要不是自然原因,而是人类因素造成的。根据“生态水利”观,就广义“水资源”概念,自然生态用水定额,干旱地区的经济结构和城镇建设模式,恢复、保护和创造性利用内陆河下游自然生态系统,节水行动和技术的新方向,与干旱地区自然环境和生态特点相适应的水利工程,完备水制度以及人工调水等8个方面,提出了建议。
The author conducted a survey on the water problems in the “Four Rivers and Four Fields” (Yellow River Ningmengdian, Shiyanghe, Heihe, and Tarim River) in the arid western part of China, involving the historical background and current situation of the upper, middle and lower reaches, including water resources, Water disasters, aquatic ecology and water pollution; water engineering, water saving technology and water landscape; water system, water economy, water ethics and water aesthetics. It is believed that the water problem in arid areas of western China is mainly caused not by natural factors but by human factors. In accordance with the concept of “ecological water conservancy”, we should restore, protect and creatively use the natural ecosystems of the lower reaches of the inland rivers on the concept of generalized “water resources”, the quota of natural ecological water use, the economic structure of the arid areas and the urban construction mode, and save water Suggestions on new directions of operation and technology, water conservancy projects compatible with the natural environment and ecological characteristics of arid areas, complete water system and artificial water diversion.