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航空航天医学主要是研究在特殊环境——航空航天工作环境下所引发的生理、心理和医学问题〔1〕。航空医学是研究载人航空器在地球大气层飞行中出现的各种医学问题的专门学科;航空医学是以普通医学为基础,但与普通医学有所不同,后者是研究地球表面环境中人体生理功能异常和疾病的防治问题;而航空医学则研究的是处于航空环境中和飞行状态下的人体生理功能适应性和疾病发生及其防治的医学问题〔2〕。航天医学则是在航空医学的基础上发展起来的〔3〕,它主要研究人体在大气层外、空间失重条件下的生理功能适应和疾病发生及其预防的又一新的医学专科。
Aerospace Medicine is mainly to study the physiological, psychological and medical problems caused by the special environment - aerospace work environment [1]. Aeromedicine is a specialized discipline that studies various medical problems that manned aircraft appear in the Earth’s atmosphere; aeronautical medicine is based on general medicine but differs from general medicine in the study of human physiological functions in the surface of the Earth Abnormalities and disease prevention and control problems; and aviation medicine is studied in the aviation environment and flight state of the physiological function of human adaptation and disease and its prevention and treatment of medical problems [2]. Aerospace medicine is developed on the basis of aeromedicine [3], it mainly studies the human body in the atmosphere, the physiological function under space-neglect conditions to adapt and disease prevention and treatment of a new medical specialist.