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天然有机质是地表各种环境介质中的重要化学组分,分布广泛.越来越多的研究已经表明:它在地表生态系统的物理、化学和生物过程中都起着十分重要的作用;它与生态系统的各个重要环节密切相关,是生态系统中能量与物质循环的重要途径.因此,天然有机质不仅是生物地球化学、生态学和环境科学等研究领域的重要内容之一,而且也是环境污染的评价、预测和治理研究中的基础理论问题,是目前环境质量、毒理学、环境立法和管理研究共同关注的科学问题.本文主要以陆地地表淡水湖泊与河流水环境为例,对天然有机质的来源、化学结构、循环特征,与养分循环的耦合关系,对有毒金属元素和有机污染物迁移转化和毒性影响机理等几个方面的研究进展进行了简要的总结;针对我国水体富营养化和环境污染等重要环境问题,阐述当前应该采取的研究思路和存在的主要科学内容,并对现代有机环境与生物地球化学学科的研究趋势进行了展望.
Natural organic matter is an important chemical component of various environmental media on the surface and is widely distributed.More and more studies have shown that it plays a very important role in the physical, chemical and biological processes of the surface ecosystem. Therefore, the natural organic matter is not only an important part of the research fields such as biogeochemistry, ecology and environmental science, but also is an important source of environmental pollution Evaluation, prediction and governance of the basic theoretical issues in the study of environmental quality, toxicology, environmental legislation and management of scientific issues of common concern.In this paper, the land surface water lakes and rivers as an example, the source of natural organic matter , Chemical structure, cycling characteristics, and nutrient cycling. The progress of the study on the transport and transformation of toxic metals and organic pollutants and the mechanism of their toxicity are briefly summarized. In view of the eutrophication and environmental pollution And other important environmental issues, elaborating the current research ideas and the existence of the Lord Scientific content, organic and modern environment outlook and trends biogeochemical research disciplines.