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明胶是一种高分子量的水溶性物质。可由长时间煮沸骨、皮、肌腱中所含的胶元而得。1915年,Hogen氏首次提出用明胶作为血浆代用液,他曾用2.5％的溶液治疗严重创伤取得良好的疗效。接着Ravdin、Fitts、Cropper及Felmus等人曾用不同品种的明胶制备成溶液,并且为了获得较好的制品,曾用不同的处理方法,配制成不同浓度的明胶溶液。Rowdin 氏曾应用从牛长管状骨中提取的明胶制成4％和6％的溶液。据Laurence和Felmus氏的资料,6％的明胶溶液是最好的血浆代用液。Lockcuood 氏的工作证明,静脉内输入大量明胶溶液并未引起毒性反应,亦不影响血液凝固性。Koop氏曾比较了5％明胶溶液与由人血中提出的白蛋白溶液的血液动力学指标,发现输入明胶溶液后循环血量增加,动脉压上升,脉搏得以维持。
Gelatin is a high molecular weight water-soluble substance. It can be boiled for a long time bone, skin, tendons contained in collagen derived. In 1915, Hogen’s first proposed gelatin as a plasma substitute, he had 2.5% solution for severe trauma achieved good results. Then Ravdin, Fitts, Cropper and Felmus et al. Used to prepare solutions with different varieties of gelatin, and in order to obtain better preparations, different treatments were used to prepare different concentrations of gelatin solution. Rowdin had used 4% and 6% solutions of gelatin extracted from bovine long tubular bone. According to Laurence and Felmus, 6% gelatin solution is the best plasma substitute. Lockcuood’s work shows that intravenous infusion of a large amount of gelatin solution does not cause toxic reactions nor affect blood coagulation. Koop’s had compared hemodynamic indices of 5% gelatin solution with albumin solution proposed by human blood and found that circulating blood volume was increased after infusion of gelatin solution, arterial pressure was increased, and pulse was maintained.