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乙型肝炎的传播非常广泛,遍及世界五大洲,该病表现为:潜伏期长,传染途径广,临床表现多样,少数患者可转为肝硬化,极少数可演变为肝癌,已引起人们的高度重视。乙型肝炎的主要传染源是病人和乙型肝炎抗原携带者,这些携带者不表现临床症状,体内 HBsAg 存在时间长,因此作为传染源的危害性较大。近几年来,全国各地的体检中,发现我国有近一亿人为 HBsAg 携带者(1)。所谓 HBsAg 携带者(2)者是指无肝炎症状和体征,其它肝功能正常并且经乙型肝炎一个平均潜伏期2～3月的观察仍属正常人群者。这些人群又可称“健康带毒”者。HBsAg 携带者,在健康人群的发生率(2),据国外报告为0.1～1.23%,国内报告为4～11.4%,国外的华侨和中国血统人为4.2%。
Hepatitis B spread widely throughout the five continents of the world, the disease manifested as: long latency, wide spread of infection, clinical manifestations of diversity, a small number of patients can be converted to cirrhosis, a very small number can evolve into liver cancer, has attracted people’s attention . The main source of hepatitis B infection is the patient and hepatitis B antigen carriers, these carriers do not show clinical symptoms, the body of HBsAg for a long time, so as a source of greater harm. In recent years, nearly 100 million Chinese have HBsAg carriers (1) in their physical exams across the country. The so-called HBsAg carriers (2) refers to no symptoms and signs of hepatitis, other liver function is normal and hepatitis B an average incubation period of 2 to 3 months of observation is still normal people. These people can be called “healthy and poisoned” people. The incidence of HBsAg carriers in healthy people (2) is 0.1 to 1.23% in foreign countries and 4 to 11.4% in domestic ones, with 4.2% of overseas Chinese and Chinese ancestry abroad.